why to brighten feldspar?

1.       What is Feldspar used for?

Orthoclase and Albite are more used for industrial process. In 2011,  20.7 million Tones of feldspar were produced, mostly by three countries: Turkey (5 Mt), Italy (4.7 Mt) and China (2.1 Mt)(USGS).

Feldspar is a common raw material used in glassmaking, ceramics, and to some extent as a filler and extender in paint, plastics, and rubber. Feldspar is ground to about 20 mesh for glassmaking and to 200 mesh or finer for most ceramic and filler applications.

About Feldspar I

1.      What is Feldspar?

The feldspars (KAlSi3O8 – NaAlSi3O8 – CaAl2Si2O8 – BaAl2Si2O8) are a group of frame-like structure anhydrous aluminosilicate minerals, which are the most common mineral in the Earth, making up as much as 60% of the Earth's crust.

Generally speaking, there are three categories of feldspar: orthoclase (K-feldspar), plagioclase and celsian. Feldspar has two directions of cleavage that meet at close to a 90 degree angle. The included angle between two sets of cleavages of orthoclase is equal to 90 degrees, and less than 90 degrees for plagioclase.

Report for Recovery Iron from Red Mud by High Gradient Magnetic Separator

The tested red sludge sample origins from Shandong Province, China Yueyang Dalishen Electromagnetic Machinery Co., Ltd. No.1 Zhongxiang Street, Rongjiawan, Yueyang City, Hunan Province, 414100, P. R. China           Tel. /Fax: +86-730-7600700 Test Report Date of test: Sep. 27th, 2012 Tested by: Zhou Qizhen, Yang Dishan, Yang Wenyong, Wan Weihong The sample is red mud (bauxite residues after Bayer process for alumina). Moisture is 14.07% and Total Fe% is 31.32% after chemical analysis. I. Purpose of test: Test with high gradient magnetic separator, to see the feasibility of beneficiation of red mud. II. Flow Sheet, Test Parameter and Result Test I 1.      Flow sheet 2. Test Parameter 1. Test Machine: DLS-50 Vertical Ring High Gradient Magnetic Separator 2. Concentration of Slurry: m% 30% 3. Magnetic Conductive Medium in Matrix: Steel Rod ø2mm 4. Frequency of Pulsation: 300r/min 5. Rotation Speed: 20s/r 6. Grinding Particle Size: no grinding 3. Test Result Sample Total Fe% Yield Rate % Recovery % Feed 31.32 100 100 Concentrates 50.69 19.83 32.26 Tailings 26.46 80.17 67.74 Test II 1. Test Parameter Test I and Test II is similar, with the same flow, some alterations are: 1. The feed sample is ground for test II, particle size distribution is D95<100 mesh.="" o:p="">

2. Background magnetic intensity for test is 0.4T.

2. Flow Sheet

3. Test result

Sample	Total Fe%	Yield Rate %	Recovery %
Feed	31.32	100	100
Concentrates	51.11	18.93	30.89
Tailings	26.70	81.07	69.11

Test III

1. Test Parameter

Test III is Complex flow, except the background magnetic field intensity, other test parameters are the same with Test I.

2. Flow Sheet

3. Test result

Sample	Total Fe%	Yield Rate %	Recovery %
Feed	31.32	100	100
Concentrates of Roughing	47.36	30.64	46.33
Tailings of Roughing	24.24	69.36	53.67
Concentrates of Cleaning	52.97	12.75	21.56
Tailings of Cleaning	43.46	17.89	24.77
Total Tailings	28.16	87.25	78.44

Preliminary Conclusion

1.      Total Fe% can be upgraded to about 51% by one-time high gradient magnetic separation, with yield rate of concentrates 19%.

2.      Total Fe% can be upgraded to about 53% by complex separation, with yield rate of concentrates 13%.

On Recovery and Process of Red Mud/Red Sludge III

A report on red mud magnetic separation test (Origin sample comes from Guangxi Province, Guangxi) Yueyang Dalishen Electromagnetic Machinery Co., Ltd. No.1 Zhongxiang Street, Rongjiawan, Yueyang City, Hunan Province, 414100, P. R. China           Tel. /Fax: +86-730-7600700 Test Report Date of test: Nov. 10th, 2012 Tested by: Zhou Qizhen, Yang Dishan, Yang Wenyong, Wan Weihong The sample is red mud (bauxite residues after Bayer process for alumina). Take 500 gram sample. After drying, the 500 gram sample is 403 gram. Moisture is 19.4% and Total Fe% is 26.63% after chemical analysis. I. Purpose of test: Test the feasibility of beneficiation of red mud by high gradient magnetic separator. II. Flow Sheet and Test Parameter 1. Flow sheet 2. Test Parameter 1. Test Machine: DLS-50 High Gradient Magnetic Separator 2. Concentration of Slurry: m% 30% 3. Magnetic Conductive Medium in Matrix: Steel Rod ø2mm 4. Frequency of Pulsation: 300r/min 5. Rotation Speed: 20s/r III. Test Result 1. The weight of oversize sample (20 mesh screen), which is not tested by magnetic separator, is 0.6% of the total 500 gram. 2. The weight of undersize sample (20 mesh screen), is 99.4% of the total 500 gram sample. See the following test result: 　 Magnetic Intensity Sample T/Fe% Yield/% Recovery/% Roughing 1.1T Feed 26.63 100 100 Concentrates 39.54 34.39 51.06 Tailings 19.86 65.61 48.94 Cleaning 0.3T Concentrates 52.03 8.37 16.35 Tailings 35.52 26.02 34.71 0.4T Concentrates 51.04 10.96 21.01 Tailings 34.15 23.43 30.05 0.5T Concentrates 49.25 13.83 25.58 Tailings 33.01 20.56 25.48 0.6T Concentrates 48.69 16.08 29.4 Tailings 31.5 18.31 21.66 IV. Preliminary Conclusion 1. After processed by high gradient magnetic separator for one time (roughing), the TFe% can be upgraded to 39.45%, yield rate 34.39%. 2. Process the concentrates of roughing by high gradient magnetic separator for another time, the TFe% can be upgraded to 52.03%. The yield rate of final concentrates is 8.37%.

On Recovery and Process of Red Mud/Red Sludge II

2. Iron Recovery from High-Fe Red Mud

Research on the technology of recovery iron from red mud was started early in 1970s. Iron can be separated and enriched through reducing roasting and a series complex processing. While the means of wet high gradient magnetic separating red mud output directly from Bayer process is a simple and feasible way.

In October of 2010, Aluminum Corporation of China (CHINALCO) announced their dramatic breakthrough on iron recovery from red mud.

Guangxi Branch of CHINALCO separates iron by high gradient magnetic separator from sediments of bauxite residues after Bayer Process, producing irons with 55% total Fe.

On Recovery and Process of Red Mud/Red Sludge I

1. What is Red Mud?

Red mud (bauxite tailings, bauxite residues) is a solid waste product of the Bayer process to provide alumina. About 1-3 tones of red mud is generated for each tones of alumina, the ratio depends on bauxite ores.

Red mud reservoirs